The current demand for water quality monitoring and ecological environment monitoring continues to increase. Traditional monitoring equipment suffers from high cost, large size, and complex deployment and maintenance, making it difficult to achieve large-scale, high-density deployment. Moreover, routine testing often relies on laboratory sample submission, which involves long turnaround times and fails to capture real-time dynamic changes in water quality.

Sensors based on electrochemical sensing technology enable ultra-low-cost and ultra-compact designs. They can accurately detect various pollutant indicators in water bodies in real time, are suitable for on-site in-situ online monitoring, and are ideal for grid-based, large-scale batch deployment. This provides an efficient and reliable technical solution for routine water environment monitoring, pollution source tracing, and ecological environment remediation.